Double pile fabeics



(No Model.) I 7 Sheets-Sheet 1. S. G. LISTER & J. RBIXAOH; I

LOOM FOR WEAVING DOUBLE PILE FABRICS. No. 292,664.

Patented Jan. 29,1884.

WARPS V KNIFE N, PETERS. Phuw-Lilhq n mr. Washington. 046.

(No Model.) 7 Sheets-Sh eet 3.

0. LISTER & J. RE'IXAGH, LOOM FOR WEAV ING DOUBLE PILE FABRICS. 7 No.292,664. Patented Jan. 29, 1884 [wen/1 50M 1 Samuel. Glisfer ebsefieixaci ,3 [hair flfiorne /s (No Model.) 4 I 4 I 7 Sheets-Sheet 4.

S. C. LIST-ER & JREIXACHJ LOOM FOR WEAVI NG DOUBLE PILE FABRICS.

No. 292,664. Patented Jan."29, 188 4.

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n. PETERS. Pneivumo m mr, wmimm n. c

0 LI$TER&' J. REIXACH. LOOM FOR WEAVING DOUBLEIPSILE mlsmqs. No.292,664. 'Patented Jan. 29,1884.

7 Twin (961986,

(No Model.) 7 Sheet S Sheet 6.

7 s. 0.1 LISTER ,& JQREIXAOH LOOM 190 WEAVING DOUBLE PILE FAB-RIOS. 7No; 292,664( Patented Jan." Z9, 1884.

UNIT ST T S PATENT OFFICE. 1

' SAMUEL C. LlSTER AND JOSFJ REIXACH, OF MANNINGHAM, NEAR BRAD- FORD,COUNTY OF YORK, ENGLAND.

LOOM FOR wEAvmo' DOUBLE PILE FABRlC.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 292,664, dated January29, 1884. Application filed November 28, 1851, (No model.) Patented inEngland August 23,1878, No. 3,327; in France March 13, 187.1),

' No. 129,564, and in Germany March 25, 1879, No.10,163. I

To all whom it away concern.-

Be it known that we, SAMUEL OUNLIFFE LISTER and Jose BEIXAOH, subjectsof the Queen of Great Britain, residing at Manningham, near Bradford, inthe county of York,

England, have invented certain new anduse- .ful Improvements in Loomsfor Weaving Double Pile Fabrics, (for' which we have received LettersPatent in England, No. 3,327,

dated August 23, 187 8; in France, No. 129,564, dated March 13, 1879,and in Germany, No. 10,163, dated March 25, 1879,) of which thefollowing is a specification.

The object of this invention is to cheapen and improve the manufactureof. double pile fabrics-that is, fabrics composed of two distinct clothsconnected by pile-threads which have to be severed to produce two pilefabrics. The main objectis to use up as small an amount as may be of the.pile warp, while at the same time giving to the cloths a sufficientlywell covered pile-surface, and to construct the loom in as simple amanner as may be to effect these objects.

The fabric made is shown by the diagram view Figure 1 of the drawingshereunto annexed. The lines a I) represent the two divisions of theground-warps for the top and bot-- tom cloths. 1 The line 0 representsthe pilewarp, and .the dots (Z represent the shoots of weft. It will'beseen that the pile-warp c is tied into each cloth by every third shootof weft put into such cloth, and that the groundwarps a b of each clothare crossed alternately after a single shoot, (1, of weft, and after twosuccessive shoots, cl d, of weft; also, that the pile-warp 0 passesaround the second of the two successive shoots Id (Z of weft. If thepilewarp' were passed around the single pick of weft, it would not beheld firmly. If it were passed around the first of the two successivepicks of weft, the fabric made would be irregular, as, when the secondof the two picks was thrown and it was beaten up by the batten, thissecond pick would often be driven in front of the first pick, and therewould be no certainty as to what position the two'picksof weft wouldoccupy in the completed fabric.

The object of our invention is, therefore, to manufacture the fabricprecisely as shown by the drawings. The diagram Fig. 1 shows the samefabric. It is simply the diagram Fig.1 inverted. The same cams, with butslight alteration, make the'fabric either by the series of movementsindicated by diagram Fig. 1 or by diagram Fig. 1

For forming the fabric, three forms of cam only are required for workingthe healds-one cam of the form shown at Fig. 2 for the pilewarp heald,and two each of the cams shown at Figs. 3 and 4 for the healds for thegroundwarps of the two cloths.

At Figs. 5 and 6 we have shown a two-shuttle' pile-fabricpower-loom withthe healds worked by a set of cams of the above form acting in unison toproduce the fabric shown at Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a side View of the loom,showing the way in which the cams give motion to the healds. Fig. 6 is afront view of the loom.

Fig. 7 is a face View, and Fig. 8 a side elevation, of some of the partsat one end of the loom, showing well-known apparatus used for throwingthe shuttles from the two shuttle-- boxes, which are at each end of thebatten. A is the crank or driving-shaft of the loom, which, by means ofa toothed wheel, A,'upon it, (see Fig, 6,) drives a toothed wheel, B, onthe picking-shaft B, as is usual. 0 is the bat ten, worked to and fro bythecrank-shaft. O

Qare two fixed shuttle-boxes, one above the other, at each end of thisbatten. D is the uncut double pile fabric. (See Fig. 5.) D are the twofabrics after being cut. E are rollers,

over and under which the two fabrics are led away. In the loom shown inthese drawings the severing of the pile is effected by means of thecutting-edge of an endless band of steel, F, kept distended betweenpulleys G, and, caused to revolve continuously whilethe loom is at work.No claim is made to the use of 0 an endless band of steel for severingthe pile. It is a suitable arrangement for the purpose; but othersuitable arrangements of mechanism for severing the pile may be adopted}The picking-shaft B (see'Fig. 6) gives motion to pickerst-affs, one foreach pair of shuttle- Lil boxes at each end-of the batten C, in theordinary well-known manner, and'by these the shuttles are thrown to andfro across theloom.

Velhknow'n shuttle-actuating mechanism is shown in Figs. 7 and S. Inthese figures, a is a horizontal plate dividing the upper from the lowershuttle-box. It extends nearly to the side of the warps. I). b are theshuttles. c c are the pickers, both actuated by one picker-staff, d. Thepicker-staff at its lower end is fixed to a short axis, 0, which canturn in a bearing on the bracket '13. The lower end of the picker-staffhas also an arm, 0, extending from it. A leather strap, f, formed into aloop, is fixed to and lies above the top of the arm. The end of a lever,g, enters this loop of leather. The lever g is acted upon by a roller,h, on acrank-arm, h, at the end of the picking-shaft B. \Vhen the rolleris, by the revolution of the picking-shaft, made to strike against thelever 9, it depresses the lever, so turning the picker-staff upon itsaxis 0 and throwing the two shuttles. The bracketi can turn on ahorizontal joint, k, which is at right angles to the axis 0. Thispermits the picker-staif to rock backward and forward with the batten asthe batten is rocked backi ard and forward, in the ordinary manner.After the picker-staff has been made to throw the shuttles, it isbrought back by a coiled spring contained in a box, Z, which forms partof the bracket 1'. One end of the spring is fixed to the interior of thebox, the

other to the axis 0. m is a spring-stop for a downward prolongation, d,of the picker-staff to strike against when the picker-staff is thrownback by the coiled spring. n shows part of one of the swords which carrythe batten.

Any suitable arrangement of mechanism for controlling the delivery ofpile-warp may be employed. \Ve have not, therefore, thought it necessaryto show any arrangement of parts for effecting this object. Thearrangement of mechanism described in our United States Letters Patentfor improvements inlooms for weaving double pile fabrics, No. 268,250,of N ovember 28, 1882, is Very suitable for the purpose; but otherarrangements of mechanism may be used.

The dotted line 1?, Fig. 5, shows the pilewarp.

The ground-warps are carried by a beam, Z, which is prevented fromturning too easily by a friction-cordwound aroundits end. One end of thecord is attached to a spring, and theother holds in suspension aweight,as is common in ordinary looms, and the warps are drawn off from thebeam by the forward movementof the double cloth as it is woven.

Y are beams for carrying the warps for the side selvages. The warps aredrawn off from these beams and have the requisite tensioh put uponthemin away just describedin treating of the warp-beam Z.

-The healds for working the selvage-warps are not shown, as they wouldtend to confuse thedrawings, and illustration of them is not necessaryhere, they being of ordinary construction, and worked just like theother healds from cams on the shaft which carries the other cams usedfor working'the other healds. This cam-shaft has fast upon it a toothedwheel, I, (see Figs. 5 and 6,) which is driven by a pinion, H, on themain crankshaft A.

' The cam K, Figs. 1 and 6, is for working the heald K, by which thepile-warp is lifted and lowered.

Two healds M are used for raising and low ering the ground-warps of thetop fabric, and two other healds, M, for raising and lowering theground-warps of the bottom fabric. One of each pair of healds M isworked by means of a cam, L, and the other by means of a can], L. Thecam L is shown at Fig. 3 and the cam L at Fig. 4-. The pair of cams L Lfor operating the ground-warps of bottom fabric are set one-twelfth of acircle in advance of the exactly similar cams L L for working theground-warps of the top fabric. Each cam acts upon a truck or roller ona lever, O, which at its end is attached to a rod, O,which connectstogether the top and bottom levers, M. K, of the healds, as is usual,and as is shown at Figs. 5 and 6. The crank-shaft A oft-he'loom makestwelve revolutions for each revolution of the axis of the cams K, L, andL. The four quarters of each cam are formed alike, and three picks ofweft are thrown during the time that the cams make a quarter-turn. Bymeans of one of the cams shown at Fig. 3, one half of the ground-warpsof the upper cloth is held down while one pick of weft is thrown, and isthen held up while two picks of weft are thrown, and by means of one ofthe cams shown at Fig. 4, the other half of the ground-warps of theupper cloth is held up while a single pick of weft is thrown, and downwhile the two picks are thrown. One of the cams shown at Fig. 3and'another of the cams shown at Fig. 4. are similarly used for workingthe groumlqvarps of the lower cloth. \Vhen radial line 1 of cam L (seeFig. 3) is vertical, the heald which it works is down, the shed is open,and a pick of weft is thrown. \Vhen line 2 comes into vertical position,the heald is up and another pick of weft is thrown. XVhen line 3 comesinto vertical position the heald remains up and another pick of weft isthrown. Cain L (see Fig. 4) is just the reverse of cam L. hen radialline 1 is vertical, the heald which it works is up. \Vhen the line 2 isvertical, the heald is down, and when line 3 is vertical the healdremains down. By means of the camK the pile-warp is for everyquarter-turn of the cam lowered, so as to be caught by a shoot of weftinto the bottom cloth, lifted so as to be caught by a shoot of weft intothe top cloth, and then held at rest between the two cloths when thenext pick of weft is thrown. \Vhen radial 111m 1 of-cam x 'is'verticalythe aewarp heald is central and the-pile-warp out ofbothshe'ds; 'When line 2is vertical,the

- heald is down and the pile-warp in-thebottoin shed, and when line'3 isvertical the heald is up and the pile-warp in the top shed.

To effect the movements of the various warps in the wayshown by thediagram,lFig.- 1, the

- 3 of cams L L for top cloth, and lines 1 of cams L L for bottom clothwill belvertical. The cams are all fixed upon the cam-shaft in suchmanner that line 1 of camK, lines 1'of cams L L for top cloth, and linesQ2 of cams L L for bottom cloth'are in a linewith one another.

To make the fabric by the series'ofmove-1 men'ts shown by diagram Fig; 1the position of the cams LL for operating the ground-warps of the topand bottom fabrics, respectively,- would be reversed, and cam K would bemade exactly the reverse of that shown at Fig. 2.

In order to show the importance of adjusting the cams in the particularrelation to each other described, and to render still clearer theoperation of the earns, the following explanation may be given withreference to diagram Fig; 1:

. It has been, already stated that the ground warps for the top clothare divided into two equal divisions, (indicated by lines a b in thediagram,) and that the ground-warps for the bottom cloth are alsodivided into two equal divisions, (indicated by lines a 7);) also, thatthe pile-warps areindicated by the line-c, and that the dots marked (1indicate weft-. threads; also, that one weft-thread dis thrown betweenthe two divisions of thewarps which form the top cloth and anotherweft-thread between the two divisions of the warps that form the bottomcloth for each one-twelfth of a revolution of the cams, by which thecrossing of the warps is controlled; also, that the throw-v ing of theweft-threads into the two cloths is effected simultaneously; also, thatthere is one pair of cams for actuating the two equal divis ions of thewarps forming the top cloth and another pair of cams for actuating thetwo.

equal divisions of the warps forming the bottom cloththat is, that everyalternate warpthread, say,,'of the top cloth, is controlled by ahealdactuated by one cam of the pair of cams and the other alternatewarp-threads of the top cloth by a heald actuated by the other cam ofthe pair of cams. Just in the same way the alternate warp threads of thebottom cloth are controlled by-a heald actuated by one cam and the otheralternate warp-threads by another Gftm:

It has also been stated that the pile-warp c is controlled by a healdactuated by a separate cam, and that the operating parts of alltlie camsare divided in twelve equal divisions; also, that the severalwarp-threads have only to be brought into three different positions bythe action of the several cams; therefore each quarter of '[heeircumference of the oan1-groo c .the top cloth and a pick of weft intothe bot-f tom cloth for every one-twelfth of a revolution of the severalcams, it will be seen, aided by'the'vertical lines across the diagram,di

viding it'into twelve divisions, marked with numbers 1 to 12 inclusive,what happens at each one-twelfth of a revolution of the cams. Theentiretwelve divisions show what takes place during one complete revolution ofthe cams. In the division marked lit will be seen that the two sets ofwarps of the top cloth are made to cross; also, that the two sets ofwarps of the bottom cloth are made to cross, and that a shoot of weft isthrown between the twosets of top warps and another between the two setsof bottom warps, and that the pile-warp is held central between the twocloths and is not caught into either of them. In the next division(marked 2) the warps of the top cloth are crossed, but not'the warps ofthe bottom cloth,

, and the pile-warp is carried down so as to be caught into the bottomcloth, and a weft-thread is thrown into each cloth, as before. In thenext division (marked'S) the warps of the top cloth are not crossed andthose of the bottom clothare crossed, and the pile-warp is lifted upinto the top cloth, to be caught intoit, a

weft-thread being again thrown into each cloth. In the next division(marked 4) the movements described with reference to division la'rerepeated.z Division 5 is a repetition of division 2, and division 6 ofdivision 3, and

so the movements described with reference to the first three divisionsare' continuously repeated. Now, looking at the diagram, it will at oncebe seen that the ground-warps of the top cloth. have given to themprecisely the same series of consecutive movements as the ground-warpsof the bottom cloth, but that the movements of the ground-warps of thebottom cloth precede the corresponding movements of thewarps of the topcloth by one divisionthatis, by one-twelfth of a revolution of the cams.

We do not herein claim the method above disclosed, the right beingreserved to claim such method in another application.

We claim-as of our own invention 1. Ihe combination of means forsupplying two sets of ground-warps, one above the other, for forming atop fabric and a bottom fabric; mechanism for passing a weft-threadbetween the warps of top fabric when crossed, and for simultaneouslypassing a weft-thread between the warps of bottom fabric when they arelikewise crossed; mechanism for causing the crossing of the ground-warpsof the top fabric alternately alter one pick of weft has been passedinto that fabric, and then after two consecutive picks of weft have beenput into it, and then, again, after a single pick of weft has been putinto it, and so on; mechanism for causing the ground-warps of thebottomfabric to make corresponding crossings, but to make them either one pickbefore or one pick after thelike crossings of the warps of the topfabric; means for supplying a set of pile-warps; mechanism for raisingandlowering these warps, ar ranged to first (when a pick of weft issimultaneously thrown into both fabrics) cause the pile-warps to becaught into one fabric by the second of the two consecutive picks ofweft that have to be put into that fabric, then at the next pick of weftto cause the pile-warps to be caught into the other fabric, (similarlyby the second of the two consecutive picks of weft that have to be putinto that fabric,) and afterward, at the next pick of weft, to cause thepile-warps to be held centrally between the two fabrics, so as not to becaught into either of them, and so on in succession; a batten forbeating up the wcft-threads, and take-up mechanism for taking up thecloth as it is woven, substantially as hercinbefore set forth.

2. The combination of the batten, the two shuttle-boxes, one above theother, at each end of the batten, shuttle-actuating mechanism, twohealds operating upon the ground-warps of the top fabric, their twoactuating-cams, two healds operating upon the ground-warps of the bottomfabric, thertwo cams for actuating them, similar in construction to thecams for working the ground-warps ot'the top fabric, a heald operatingupon the pile-warp, the single cam for actuating this heald, and thelevers and connecting-rods interposed between the respective cams andhealds, the several cams being shaped and setupon the cam-shaft, asdescribed, to cause the groumbwarps of the top fabricto be crossedalternately after one pick of weft has been put into that fabric andafter two consecutive picks of weft have been put into it, and to causethe groundwarps ot' the bottom fabric to make corresponding crossings,but to make them either one pick in advance of or one pick after thelike crossings of the top warps, and to cause the pilewarp to be caughtinto each fabric by thesecond only of the two consecutive picks of weft3. The combination of the batten, the two shuttle-boxes, one abovetheother, at each end a of the batten, shuttle-actuating mechanism, the twohealds and their two actuating-cams for operating the ground-warps ofthe top fabric, said cams being formed so as to crossthese warpsalternately after one pick of weft has been put into that fabric andafter two consecutive picks of weft have been put into it, the twohealds and their pair of actuatingcams for operating the ground-warps ofthe bottom fabric, the said cams corresponding with those for operatingthe ground-warps of the top fabric, but so set upon the cam-shaft as toproduce the corresponding crossings of the warps either one pick inadvance of or one pick after the like crossings of the warps of the topfabric, the single heald and its cam for operating upon the pile-warp,so formed and set upon the cam-shaft as to cause the pile-warp first tobe caught into one fabric by the second of the two consecutive picks ofweft put into that fabric, then to be caughtinto the other fabric by thesecond of the two consecutive picks-of weft put into that fabric, andnext to be held centrally between the warps of the two fabrics, so asnot to be caught into either of the fabrics when apick of wet't is putinto each of them, and the levers and connecting-rods interposed betweenthe respective cams and healds, substantially as and for the purposehereinbefore set forth.

4. The combination of the two healds for raising and lowering theground-warps of the top fabric, the two healds forraising andlower theground-warps of the bottom fabric, the two corresponding pairs of cams,L L, one pair for each two healds, each pair formed so asto raise oneheald and lower the other during one-twelfth of a revolution, thenduring the next onetwelfth of a revolution to retain the healds at rest,then during the next one-twelfth of a revolution to reverse the movementformerly given to the healds, and so on in succession, and with one pairof cams set onetwelfth of a revolution in advance of the other pair uponthe cam-shaft, theheald for raising and lowering the pile-warp, its camformed to raise the heald during one-twelfth of a revolution, lower itduring the next twelfth of a revolution, and hold it in a centralposition during the next twelfth of a revolution, the connecting-rodsand levers interposed between the cams and the healds, the shaft uponwhich the 'cams are mounted, the driving-shaft, and the gearingconnecting said shafts, substantially as and for the purpose hereinafterset forth.

S. C. LISTER. J. REIXAUH.

\Vitnesses:

H. F. Kirmok,

Not. 1516., Bradford. \VILLLUI THORNTOX,

Solz'cz' 101% 07017., Brad/mil.

IOL

